Bulletin

       Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh salinitas terhadap per-tumbuhan, produksi dan mutu sambiloto. Pene-litian pot telah dilaksanakan di rumah kaca Cimanggu, Balittro Bogor mulai Juli sampai dengan Nopember 2007. Penelitian mengguna-kan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK), yang terdiri atas 13 perlakuan dosis larutan NaCl dengan ulangan 3 kali. Setiap satuan percobaan terdiri atas 6 tanaman. Masing-masing perla-kuan adalah; N0 = Disiram air (tanpa NaCl) 2 hari sekali, N1= Disiram larutan NaCl 1 g/l (86 mM) 2 hari sekali , N2 = Disiram larutan NaCl 1 g/l 3 hari sekali, N3 = Disiram larutan NaCl 1 g/l/tan 4 hari sekali; N4 = Disiram larutan NaCl 2 g/l (172 mM) 2 hari sekali; N5 = Disiram larutan NaCl 2 g/l 3 hari sekali; N6 = Disiram larutan NaCl 2 g/l 4 hari sekali; N7 = Disiram larutan NaCl 3 g/l/tan (258 mM) 2 hari sekali; N8 = Disiram larutan NaCl 3 g/l 3 hari sekali, N9 = Disiram larutan NaCl 3 g/l 4 hari sekali;  N10 = Disiram larutan NaCl 4 g/l (344 mM) 2 hari sekali; N11 = Disiram larutan NaCl 4 g/l 3 hari sekali; N12 = Disiram larutan NaCl 4 g/l (344 mM) 4 hari. Tingkat pemberian air atau larutan 4 mm/hari. Parameter yang diamati adalah pertumbuhan tanaman (tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang, luas daun), produksi (bobot segar dan kering pangkasan), dan mutu simpli-sia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ting-kat salinitas tidak berpengaruh terhadap per-tumbuhan tanaman (tinggi tanaman dan jumlah cabang), namun berpengaruh terhadap indeks luas daun, bobot segar terna, bobot segar batang dan bobot kering batang. Produksi segar pada perlakuan penyiraman NaCl 2 g/liter air interval 2 hari sekali diperoleh 69,14 g/tanam-an, dengan peningkatan 3,87% dibanding pada pemberian air optimun (52,33 g/tanaman). Penyiraman NaCl 1 g/l dengan interval penyi-raman 2 hari sekali menghasilkan kadar andro-grapolida simplisia tertinggi (1,18%) pening-katannya sebesar 1,06% dibandingkan dengan penyiraman air optimum 4 ml/hari (0,70%).

Kata kunci : Andrographis paniculata Nees, salinitas, pertumbuhan, produksi, mutu

ABSTRACT

Effect of Salinity on the Growth, Production and Quality of King of Bitter (Andrographis paniculata Nees)

         Pot experiment to observe the effect of salinity on the growth, production and quality of King of Bitter was conducted at the green house of Indonesian Medicinal and Aromatic Crops Research Institute (IMACRI) since July to November 2007. Experiment was arranged in Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of 13 treatments of NaCl applica-tion with 3 replications. Each treatment consisted of 6 plants. The treatments were : N0 = water (without NaCl) sprinkled in two days interval, N1 = sprinkled  with 1 g NaCl/l solution in two days interval, N2 = sprinkled with 1 g NaCl/l solution in three days interval, N3 = sprinkled with 1 g NaCl/l solution in four days interval, N4 = sprinkled with 2 g NaCl/l solution in two days interval, N5 = sprinkled with 2 g NaCl/l solution in three days interval, N6 = sprinkled with 2 g NaCl/l solution in four days interval, N7 = sprinkled with 3 g NaCl/l solution in two days interval, N8 = sprinkled with 3 g NaCl/l solution in three days interval, N9 = sprinkled with 3 g NaCl/l solution in four days interval, N10 = sprinkled with 4 g NaCl/l solution in two days interval, N11 = sprinkled with 4 g NaCl/l solution in three days interval, N12 = sprinkled with 4 g NaCl/l in solution four days interval. All treatments were maintained with 4 ml of water per day. Parameters observed were plant growth (such as plant heigth, number of branch, leaf area), production (fresh and dry weights) and quality of simplisia. Results indicated that NaCl solution has no effect on the plant growth and number of branch, however, 2 g NaCl/l/crop sprinkled in two days interval application showed the best effect to total fresh weight (69.14 g/plant) and increase 17.80% of compared than optimal water sprinkled 52.33 g). Sprinkler NaCl condensation 1 g/plant twice a day gave the highest rate of andrograpolida (1.18%), increase 69% compared to sprinkled requirement irrigate (0.70%).

Keywords : Andrographis paniculata Nees, Salinity, growth, production, quality

ABSTRAK

       Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan dan Fisiologi Hasil, Balai Pe-nelitian Tanaman Obat dan Aromatik, Bogor mulai Juni 2005 – Juli 2006. Penelitian ber-tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kultur In Vitro terhadap multiplikasi, aklimatisasi, mutu dan kandungan bahan aktif tanaman daun encok. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan adalah tunas pucuk tanaman daun encok hasil kultur in vitro periode panjang berumur tujuh tahun. Untuk multiplikasi tunas, perlakuan yang diuji adalah: Benzyl Adenin (BA) 0,1 mg/l (kon-trol); BA 0,1 mg/l + Thidiazuron 0,01 mg/l; BA 0,1 mg/l + Thidiazuron 0,05 mg/l; BA 0,1 mg/l + Thidiazuron 0,1 mg/l dan BA 0,1 mg/l + Thidiazuron 0,15 mg/l. Rancangan yang digu-nakan adalah Acak Lengkap dengan sepuluh ulangan. Parameter yang diamati adalah jumlah tunas, daun dan akar serta panjang tunas in vitro. Tanaman diaklimatisasi di rumah kaca dan langsung diobservasi. Parameter yang diamati adalah jumlah anakan, jumlah daun dan tinggi tanaman. Analisis mutu dilakukan terhadap kadar air, kadar abu, kadar sari larut dalam alkohol dan kadar sari larut dalam air serta kandungan bahan aktifnya dengan meng-gunakan GCMS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi perlakuan BA 0,1 mg/l + thidiazuron 0,05 mg/l menghasilkan jumlah tunas dan daun terbanyak serta tunas terpan-jang dalam waktu dua bulan. Morfologi tanam-an hasil kultur in vitro sama dengan induk di rumah kaca dalam hal batang, daun dan visual tanaman. Hasil analisis mutu menunjukkan bahwa kadar sari larut dalam air dan larut dalam alkohol asal kultur in vitro lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan tanaman daun encok asal lapang dan MMI. Selain itu senyawa steroid dapat dideteksi pada tanaman asal kultur in vitro. Hasil analisis GCMS menunjukkan kan-dungan senyawa aktif  tertinggi adalah phytol (26,13%).

Kata kunci : Plumbago zeylanica L., multiplikasi tunas, Benzyl Adenin, Thidiazuron, mutu, skrining fitokimia, periode panjang kultur in vitro

ABSTRACT

Shoot Multiplication, Analysis of Simplicia Quality of Ceylon Leadwort  (Plumbago Zeylanica L.) From Long Periode of In Vitro Culture

       The experiment was conducted at Tissue Culture Laboratory of Indonesian Medicinal and Aromatic Crops Research Institute (IMACRI) from June 2005 to July 2006. The aim of this research was to know the effect of In Vitro culture on multiplication, acclimatization, quality and active compound of ceylon leadwort. The material used was Ceylon Leadwort from long period in vitro culture. The treatments for shoot multi-plication were : BA 0.1 mg/l (control); BA 0.1 mg/l + Thidiazuron 0.01 mg/l; BA 0.1 mg/l + Thidiazuron 0.05 mg/l; BA 0.1 mg/l + Thidiazuron 0.1 mg/l and BA 0.1 mg/l + Thidiazuron 0.15 mg/l. Experiment was arranged in Completely Randomized Design with ten replications. The number of shoots, leaves, roots and plant heights in vitro were observed, and than the plants were  accli-matized to the green house. Total number of tiller, leaves, and plant height were observed. Analysis of plant quality was conducted through water and ash content, alcohol and water soluble extracts, fitochemistry screening and active compound analysis by using GCMS. The result shows that Benzyl Adenine at 0.1mg/l combined with Thidia-zuron 0.05 mg/l could increase the number of shoots and leaves much higher than other treatments on two months period of culture. The long period of in vitro culture did not affect the morphological performance of Ceylon Leadwort in the green house and field conditions. Extracts of plant from in vitro culture contain higher water soluble alcohol than that of conventional plant and MMI. In addition, steroid compound was also detected from in vitro culture of ceylon leadwort. GCMS analysis indicated that  phytol was identified with the highest concentration (26.13%).

Keywords : Plumbago zeylanica L., shoot multiplication, Benzyl Adenin, Thidiazuron, quality, fitochemistry screening, long periode in vitro culture

ABSTRAK

        Bunga kencur tergolong bunga sempurna yaitu memiliki benang sari dan putik. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mempelajari biologi bunga tanaman kencur yang dilaksanakan di Rumah Kaca Pemuliaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Obat dan Aromatik (Balittro) Bogor sejak Januari – Desember 2007. Parameter yang diamati adalah jumlah kelopak, warna kelopak, panjang dan lebar kelopak, warna mahkota, jumlah mahkota, panjang dan lebar mahkota, panjang kotak sari, lebar kotak sari, panjang tangkai putik, lebar kepala putik, panjang bunga, panjang tabung bunga, dia-meter tabung bunga, jumlah tepung sari (Pollen) fertil, jumlah tepung sari steril, per-sentase fertilitas dan sterilitas tepung sari. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan Anova. Jika terdapat beda nyata pada setiap perlakuan di-lanjutkan dengan uji jarak berganda Duncan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan morfologi kelopak bunga terpanjang pada V1 (2,30 cm) berbeda nyata dengan V5 tetapi tidak berbeda nyata dengan nomor lainnya. Sedangkan panjang mahkota bunga terdapat pada V4 (1,61 cm) berbeda nyata dengan V5 tetapi tidak berbeda nyata dengan nomor lainnya. Lebar kelopak, lebar mahkota, jumlah kelopak dan jumlah mahkota tidak berbeda nyata dari masing-masing nomor. Morfologi bunga jantan dan bunga betina dari masing-masing parameter yang dianalisis tidak berbeda nyata. Warna bunga kencur putih pada nomor V2 dan ungu terdapat pada nomor V1, V3, V4 dan V5. Bunga kencur merupakan jenis bunga yang termasuk kedalam bunga majemuk yang sem-purna (lengkap) karena terdapat bunga jantan dan bunga betina dalam satu anak bunga. Bunga jantan dan bunga betina matang bersamaan pada saat kuntum mekar penuh dengan masa reseftifitas 5 jam. Reseftifitas bunga jantan ditandai adanya warna kuning pada kotak sari sedangkan reseftifitas bunga betina ditandai ligula pada kepala putik sudah rontok dan terdapat lubang menganga di kepala putik. Fertilitas tepung sari sangat tinggi berkisar antara 97,20-99,14 %.

Kata kunci : Kencur (Kaempferia galanga. L), biologi bunga

ABSTRACT

Morphological Characteristic of  Indian Galanga Flower   (Kaemferia galanga L.)

       The flower of Indian galanga is a  complete flower having stamen and pistil reproduction. The research about the biology of Indian galanga flower was conducted in the Green House of Plant Breeding Division, Indonesian Medicinal and Aromatic Crops Research Institute (IMACRI) Bogor from January to December 2007. The parameters observed were number, color, length, and width of petals, color and number of crowns, length and width of crowns, length and width of anthers, length of filament, length of flower, length of receptacle, the diameter of recap-tacle, number of fertile and sterile pollens, percentage of pollen fertility and sterility the number of samples absurd. The data were analyzed using ANOVA. If there was a signi-ficant difference, Duncan double distance test would be provided. The result showed that the longest pethal morphology at V1 (2.30 cm) was significantly different from V5 but not significantly different from other numbers. Mead while, the length of crown in V4 (1.61 cm) is different from V5 but not different with each number. The width and number of petal and crown were not significantly different from every plant’s number. The morphology of male and female flowers of each analyzed parameter showed no significantly different. The V2 number produces white color of flower while V1, V3, V4 and V5 produce violet color. The Indian Galanga has complete flower because the stamen and pistil were found in one flower. Male and female flowers bloom in the same time and require 5 hours for receptivity period. Male flower receptivity is shown by yellow color on the anther. On the other hand, reseptifity female flower is shown by ligula on the anther which then falls down and leaves is a hole on the anther. Pollen fertility is very high ranging between 97.20-99.14%.

Keywords : Indian galanga (Kaempferia galanga L.), biology of flower

DAFTAR ISI

Karakteristik Morfologi Bunga Kencur (Kaempferia galanga L.)

Wawan Haryudin dan Otih Rostiana

Multiplikasi Tunas, Aklimatisasi dan Analisis Mutu Simplisia Daun Encok (Plumbago zeylanica L.) asal Kultur In Vitro Periode Panjang

Sitti Fatimah Syahid dan Natalini Nova Kristina

Pengaruh Salinitas terhadap Pertumbuhan, Produksi dan Mutu Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees

M. Syakir, Nur Maslahah dan M. Januwati

Efektivitas Formula Minyak Serai Wangi terhadap Pertumbuhan Kapang asal Buah Merah dan Sambiloto

Miftakhurohmah, Rita Noveriza dan Agus Kardinan

Pengaruh Kelengasan Tanah terhadap Daya Bertahan Hidup Trichoderma harzianum dan Efikasinya terhadap Phytophthora capsici L.

Dyah Manohara

Pengaruh Minyak Jahe Merah, Pala dan Selasih terhadap Helopeltis antonii Sign pada Inang Alternatif

Warsi Rahmat Atmadja

Biologi Kutu Putih Dysmicoccus brevipes Cockerell (Hemiptera : Pseudococcidae) pada Tanaman Nenas dan Kencur

Juliet M. Eva Mamahit, Syafrida Manuwoto, Purnama Hidayat dan Sobir

Isolasi Senyawa Bioaktif Penolak (Repellent) Nyamuk dari Ekstrak Aseton Batang Tumbuhan Legundi (Vitex trifolia)

Mustanir dan Rosnani

Pengaruh Perendaman dalam Asam Organik dan Metoda Pengeringan terhadap Mutu Lada Hijau Kering

Nanan Nurdjannah dan Hoerudin

Analisis Pendapatan dan Daya Saing Usahatani Akar Wangi di Kabupaten Garut

JT. Yuhono