ABSTRAK

Penyakit busuk jamur akar putih (JAP) sampai saat ini telah ditetapkan sebagai salah satu OPT utama pada tanaman jambu mete di Indonesia. Penyakit ini dapat menye-babkan kegagalan berproduksi dan kematian tanaman jambu mete. Penelitian penanggulang-an penyakit JAP jambu mete telah dilaksana-kan di desa Kayangan, Kabupaten Lombok Barat NTB dan laboratorium Fitopatologi Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat, pada tahun 2002 – 2004. Komponen teknologi yang digunakan adalah agensia hayati, pupuk or-ganik dan fungisida nabati. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi penggunaan fungisida nabati (cengkeh dan nimba) disertai pemberian pupuk organik yang telah diperkaya dengan agensia hayati (Bacillus sp., Tricho-derma sp. dan Cytopaga sp.) dapat menekan serangan penyakit antara 47 - 80% dan berbeda nyata dengan kontrol. Perlakuan terbaik adalah fungisida nabati cengkeh (Mitol 20 EC) disertai pemberiaan pupuk organik yang mengandung Bacillus pantotkentikus dan Trichoderma lac-tae. Hasil isolasi mikroorganisme menunjuk-kan bahwa pupuk organik 1 didominasi oleh Trichoderma spp. dan pupuk organik 2 di dominsi oleh Bacillus spp. Kepadatan populasi mikroorganisme dalam setiap perlakuan teruta-ma Bacillus sp., Trichoderma sp. dan Pseu-domonas flourescens sangat erat kaitannya dengan tingkat serangan penyakit busuk akar jamur putih pada jambu mete.

Kata kunci : Jambu mete, busuk jamur akar putih, pupuk organik, agensia hayati, fungisida nabati

ABSTRACT

The Utilization of Botanical Pesticides and Biological Agents to Control White Root Rot Fungi Disease on Cashew Plant

White root rot fungi disease up to now has been determined as one of the most important disease on cashew plant in Indone-sia. This disease can cause production failure and death of cashew plant. Research to con-trol cashew root rot disease was carried out in Kayangan village, West Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara and Phytopathology Laboratory of Research Institute for Spice and Medicinal Crops, from 2002 until 2004. Tech-nological components used were biological agents, organic fertilizer and botanical fungi-cides. The results of the experiment indicated that combination of the botanical fungicide (clove and neem) application together with organic fertilizer which has been enriched with biological agents (Bacillus sp., Tricho-derma sp. and Pseudomonas fluorescens) could suppress disease between to 47 - 80% and were significantly different from the con-trol. The highest effectivity was resulted by the application of clove botanical fungicide (Mitol 20EC) together with organic fertilizer containing Bacillus pantotkentikus and Tri-choderma lactae. The result of microorganism isolation showed that organic fertilizer 1 was dominated by Trichoderma spp. and organic fertilizer 2 was dominated by Bacillus sp., Tri-choderma sp. and Pseudomonas fluorescens was very closely related with the severity level of white root rot fungus attack on cashew plant.

Keywords : Cashew, white root rot fungus, organic fertilizer, biological agents, botanical fungicide